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Prime Minister Narendra Modi has paid tribute to Babasaheb on Mahaparinirvana Diwas. He tweeted that on Mahaparinirvana Diwas, we pay tribute to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, the architect of the Constitution and a symbol of social justice. Dr. Ambedkar’s tireless struggle for equality and human dignity will continue to inspire generations.
PM Modi said that today when we remember his contribution, we also reiterate our commitment to fulfill his dream. Jai Bhim! In his tweet, PM Modi has also shared a picture of his visit to Chaityabhoomi in Mumbai earlier this year. Today is the 69th death anniversary of Babasaheb Dr. Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar.
PM Modi paid tribute to Babasaheb
Congress party paid tribute to Babasaheb
Congress party paid tribute to Babasaheb on Mahaparinirvana Diwas. The party tweeted and said that on the death anniversary of Babasaheb Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar, the father of the Indian Constitution and a symbol of social justice, we pay our tributes. His ideals and thoughts will continue to inspire us to move forward on the path of justice for ages.
69th death anniversary of Babasaheb Ambedkar
Actually, today is the 69th death anniversary of Babasaheb Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar. The death anniversary of Babasaheb Ambedkar, the main architect of the Indian Constitution, is celebrated as Mahaparinirvan Diwas.
The turning point due to which Ambedkar got recognition in North India
Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was always considered the leader of a particular caste. This is injustice to him. His other contributions to the history of modern India were denied. As a result, his scope was limited. Whereas the truth is the opposite. Ambedkar was the hero of the whole country, just like Mahatma Gandhi. There was no other leader as undisputed, unbiased and popular as Mahatma Gandhi inside and outside the Congress. Dr. Ambedkar was not a mass leader. If he had contested the elections on his own, he would have probably lost.
When he reached the Constituent Assembly in 1946, he did so on behalf of the Muslim League from East Bengal. But after the partition, he became vacant, then Gandhiji brought him to the Constituent Assembly on his own behalf. Because Gandhiji understood his usefulness. He knew that no member of the Constituent Assembly could write the Constitution.
Ambedkar wanted to make Hindi the official language of the whole country
While writing the Constitution, Ambedkar had his own personal opinion on some issues and the members of the drafting committee had different opinions. Constitutional expert Kanak Tiwari says, Ambedkar kept aside his personal opinion and accepted the opinion of the committee members. For example, he was keen to make Hindi the national language and wanted all government work to be done in Hindi. But the opinion of the drafting committee of the constitution was different. He had different opinions on many such issues. But Dr. Ambedkar was a supporter of consensus in this matter.
He wanted to include freedom of the press in the fundamental rights of the constitution but he could not get it done. That is why in 1953, he said in Parliament, “People always keep telling me that “Oh, you are the architect of the constitution”. My answer is that I was a hack. Whatever I was asked to do, I did a lot of things against my will.”
Dr. Ambedkar was a humanist. His image of looking like a pure foreigner with coat, pants, tie never allowed him to be evaluated properly. It is true that the Congress gave him a lot of respect after independence. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru made him the law minister in the cabinet formed after independence and after two weeks he made him the chairman of the drafting committee of the constitution. But he did not get the respect he deserved among the general public. He was always remembered as a Dalit leader. He was the most thoughtful, humanitarian and supporter of uniform civil laws of the 20th century. Even the British acknowledged his proficiency in law. He won the Central Assembly elections in 1946 on a Muslim League ticket. But after independence he was taken into the Government of India. Because the Muslim League got a separate country.
After independence he became the chairman of the constitution drafting committee
The interim government formed in the Central Assembly elected in 1946 was headed by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. After 15 August 1947 he became the first Prime Minister of India. Then he took leaders from every party in his cabinet and also distributed ministerial posts. On the recommendation of Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. Ambedkar was made the Law Minister and two weeks later he was made the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly.
Leaders of many parties were also included in this cabinet. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee of Hindu Mahasabha was also in this cabinet. It is also true that Dr. Ambedkar was a bitter critic of Gandhiji. Despite being in the Nehru cabinet, he often criticized Gandhiji. Although he had good relations with Nehruji. After the Hindu Code Bill was rejected, he resigned from the Nehru cabinet in 1951.
Lost Lok Sabha elections twice
Dr. Ambedkar contested the Lok Sabha elections from Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1952 but lost to the Congress candidate. Then the government nominated him to the Rajya Sabha. In a by-election in 1954, Dr. Ambedkar again tried to go to the Lok Sabha but he remained at third position. After this he started moving away from parliamentary politics. His Republican Party, formed in 1956, could also never build a mass base. Despite all this, he had a lot of respect in Maharashtra and South India. In fact, he continuously fought for the Dalits and untouchable castes who were backward in the society. When he felt that it was not possible to remove untouchability from Hinduism, he decided to change his religion. Earlier, he was inclined towards Sikhism. But he realized that even in Sikhism, the status of untouchable castes is secondary. Then he decided to adopt Buddhism.
Conversion with five lakh followers
Finally, on 14 September 1956, Dr. Ambedkar formally adopted Buddhism. His five lakh followers also became Buddhists. This movement of his is called the Neo-Buddhist Movement. Most of them were Dalits. Mayawati never said that she was a Buddhist, but she always respected the symbols of Buddhism. It was the effect of Dr. Ambedkar’s ideology that untouchable castes got respect in the whole of India. The Constitution removed words like untouchable and untouchable. Instead, the term Scheduled Caste came to be used. Similarly, tribals were called Scheduled Tribes. The Untouchability (Offences) Act was passed in Parliament in 1955. In 1976, its name was changed to ‘Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955’. Under this Act, there is a provision for propagating untouchability, enforcing any disability related to it, and punishment in cases related to it.
On the initiative of Kanshi Ram, Dr. Ambedkar was recognized in the North.
But while Dr. Ambedkar was so popular in the India beyond Vindhya, it took a long time for him to be recognized in the North. In this context, another constitutional expert Arun Tripathi tells that although Dr. Ambedkar had come to Agra many times. His Republican Party also had an influence here, but he could not make any special recognition in the Hindi speaking region. He became recognized in the Hindi speaking region 26 years after his death when Kanshi Ram took a padayatra from Poona to Delhi in 1982. After 50 years of the Poona Pact, this padayatra in protest against the pact brought Dr. Ambedkar’s thoughts and ideas from Maharashtra to North India. Although Ambedkar’s kothi was present in Alipur Road, Delhi and he used to live in Delhi while being a minister, but his ideas did not spread here as much as they did in the South. For the first time in the Hindi speaking region, Dr. Ambedkar came out of the textbooks and came among the people.
From BAMCEF to BSP
Kanshi Ram till then used to run an organization named BAMCEF among government employees. This organization worked among OBC, SC, ST and converted minority (converted Muslims and Christians) government employees. Its aim was to end caste discrimination. Kanshi Ram was very influenced by the thoughts of Dr. Ambedkar. Therefore, this organization used to work by keeping the face of Doctor Saheb in the forefront. This organization was formed by Kanshi Ram in 1978 and this organization is still working today. Kanshi Ram formed DS4 to enter politics and finally formed a political party named Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) in 1984. His party came to power in Uttar Pradesh thrice. Mayawati was the Chief Minister from BSP. From 2007 to 2012, her party remained in the government with the pride of absolute majority.
Bharat Ratna received 34 years after death
1989 is a turning point for Uttar Pradesh. Mulayam Singh Yadav’s government was formed in Uttar Pradesh. Although, even before this, non-Congress governments had been formed in Uttar Pradesh in 1977 and 1967. But 1989 wrote a completely new chapter. New leaders of backward castes were emerging in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar and that too on their own strength. Mulayam Singh Yadav in Uttar Pradesh and Lalu Prasad Yadav in Bihar, both of them did not need the parties dominated by upper castes. Prime Minister Vishwanath Pratap Singh had understood this. That is why he awarded Bharat Ratna to Dr. Ambedkar, the symbol of the rise of Dalits and backward classes. In this way, Ambedkar got a new prestige in the country, that too 34 years after his death.
Memorials and schemes in the name of Dr. Ambedkar
For the first time in 1994, when Mulayam Singh’s Samajwadi Party (SP) formed the government with the support of BSP, the key to power remained with BSP’s Mayawati. This was the period when Mayawati installed Ambedkar’s statues in every village. Then the trend started. Memorials and schemes started being named after Ambedkar. Agra University was named after Dr. Ambedkar. When Tanda, situated between Faizabad and Azamgarh, was made a new district, it was named Ambedkar Nagar. Not only this, Kanpur Dehat district was given a new name after Dr. Ambedkar’s wife Ramabai. Later, during Mulayam Singh’s time, it was changed and again it was named Kanpur Dehat. Perhaps this is also because this district was separated during Mulayam Singh’s time.
Bahujan leaders were brought from Maharashtra
Many districts and universities were named after all the Bahujan leaders of Maharashtra. Kanpur University was called Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Smarak (CSJM) University. When Amroha was separated from Moradabad district, the Mayawati government named it Jyotiba Phule Nagar. The district formed by separating Kasganj from Etah was named Manyavar Kanshiram Nagar and Hathras was separated from Aligarh and named Mahamaya Nagar. Interestingly, Swami Achhutanand, a prominent leader of Uttar Pradesh who led a movement against untouchability in the 20th century, was also forgotten. Swami Achhootanand Harihar, born in Sirsa Ganj of Mainpuri (now Firozabad district), had led a massive movement against untouchability. But everyone from Kanshiram to Mayawati kept forgetting him.
